Floorsheet
NEPSE's daily record of every executed trade — price, quantity, and the buying and selling broker for each one. It's the finest-grained public trading data NEPSE publishes.
Book close
The date a company fixes its shareholder register to determine who is eligible for a dividend, bonus share, or right share. Shares must be held before this date to qualify.
Right share
An offer letting existing shareholders buy additional shares, usually below market price, in proportion to what they already hold.
Promoter share
Shares held by a company's founders and promoters. They trade in a separate, generally less liquid market and are subject to a lock-in period before they can be sold to the public.
Circular trading
A pattern where a security's turnover is inflated by trades that don't reflect a genuine change in ownership — the same broker on both sides of a trade, or a small group of accounts trading back and forth or in a cycle.
Wash trading
A specific form of circular trading where the same party — or the same broker on both sides — is effectively buying from and selling to itself, creating the appearance of activity without any real change in ownership.
Broker number
Every NEPSE-licensed brokerage has a fixed member ID. Floorsheet and broker-flow data reference brokers by this number rather than by name.
AGM (Annual General Meeting)
A listed company's yearly shareholder meeting, where dividends, bonus shares, and other resolutions are formally approved — usually the event that triggers a book-close date.
Point-in-time data
Data captured and stored exactly as it existed at a given moment, before anything later became known. It's the discipline that makes a research test honest rather than hindsight-biased.
Forward-graded
A prediction or research call whose outcome is graded only after the fact, once the real, live result is known — logged before the outcome, and never re-graded with hindsight.
Random baseline
What a purely random choice would have achieved over the same period. The benchmark a real strategy has to beat before its results mean anything at all.
Market regime
The broad state the market is currently in — for example trending, choppy, risk-on, or risk-off. Used to describe current conditions, not to predict future ones.
Liquidity
How easily a stock can be bought or sold without moving its price. Thin liquidity means even a modest order can shift the price significantly.
Turnover
The total value of shares traded in a security, or across the market, over a given period — a basic measure of trading activity.
Broker flow
The pattern of net buying or selling by specific brokers over time, used as one input for gauging whether informed money is accumulating or distributing a stock.